Understanding the basics of building construction helps the successful construction of a building project. Resources associated with the development of buildings are listed in this article.
Basic steps to take when starting a construction project
If you want to build a new building, you need to know when the project will start and when it will end. From the beginning to the end of a construction project, the construction process is shown in the flow chart below.
As each project is unique and follows a different design and construction process, there may be variations. It provides an overview of the basic phases of a construction project.
- Permission for planning
- Site preparation
- Superstructure construction
- Stamp construction and the first year of construction warranty
Planning Construction planning has three basic phases:
After selecting the site where the building project will be built, engineers. And architects use their expertise to create the site and building plan. This is followed by an analysis of finances and the selection of a construction team. After preparing the layout of the building. A suitable location is sometimes chosen. The development of the construction plan is governed by the owner’s requirements and budget. Funding and total costs are estimated once the plan is established. Project cost estimation is supported by the preparation of design details and material estimates.
Fixed costs include:
Material Costs, Construction Costs, Labor Costs and Other Costs Construction Cost Estimates Based on the estimated costs, the project is either awarded to a reputable contractor or put out to tender. The contract that will be used to implement the project must be approved by both the owner and the contractor. The agreement refers to the time frame of implementation and basic helpers, refusal to eliminate complaints.
Building Construction Permits and Insurance
Before starting a building construction project, the owner must ensure that all required permits have been obtained. Permits and insurance can be obtained from a variety of sources in cities and states. Development work managed without licenses brings project postponement or task destruction or huge fines. Protection for expected gatherings helps save the owner and the worker for hire.
Preparation of the construction site
From this moment the actual construction process begins. To prepare the construction site, excavation, leveling and backfilling can be carried out based on the construction site and construction plan. Temporary storage areas and the necessary excavation for utility networks, electricity, water and sewage distribution are prepared. Most of the work necessary to set up the utilities has already been done. Government officials will then conduct an inspection.
Construction of foundations and substructures
Most building structures are built on concrete foundations. Depending on the sorting of dirt and the level of groundwater in the area, the selected equipment may move. Soil testing is done to determine if the bearing capacity needs to be checked. Shallow premises are expected for low-rise buildings. The pile foundation is used for high-rise buildings. For the construction of the foundation, after the selection of the foundation, the soil is excavated. It is done using a foundation layout. Based on the detailed design of the foundation created in the planning phase, formwork and reinforcement are installed in the foundation trenches. The supervising engineer regularly inspects the contractor’s reinforcement projects.
Construction of the superstructure
The superstructure is built after the completion of the substructure. In most cases, a frame structure is built, which is then covered with masonry walls. Adequate windows and exterior doors are placed based on the building plan. This section also includes the following works:
- Development of roofs or cladding
- Installation of heating, ventilation and cooling
- Provision of sufficient electrical and plumbing connections.
Install the necessary insulation and waterproofing on the walls to protect them from light.
Finishing walls and surfaces with plaster and finishing them with floor work
Punch List
When the project is complete; the contractor will draw up a punch list by going through each piece of work one by one. Those core units or regions that have not been developed as expected or are below grade are recorded in the whole list. The responsible contractor will fix it later.
Warranty period
When the business is completed and handed over to the owner, the project worker will indicate the warranty period. During this time, the responsible supplier is obliged to repair or replace any built-in defects. Manufacturers and suppliers provide warranties on appliances and materials.